Want to learn more about how payment processing works?
When a customer pays by card, several parties and fees are involved behind the scenes. Most of your total processing cost comes from interchange fees and card network fees, which are established by the banks and card brands.
Interchange Fees
Interchange fees make up the largest portion of card processing costs. These fees are determined by the card networks and paid to the bank that issued the customer’s card for each transaction. They usually include a percentage of the sale amount plus a small fixed fee per transaction. For American Express, these charges are commonly referred to as discount fees.
Network Fees
Network fees are charged by the card brands themselves and paid directly to them. These fees vary depending on the type of card and transaction. You may also hear them called assessments or association fees.
Issuing Bank
The issuing bank is the financial institution that provides the customer’s credit or debit card. These banks partner with major card brands such as Visa or Mastercard. Examples include large national banks and regional financial institutions.
Card Network
Card networks operate the systems that connect banks and allow transactions to move securely between the customer, merchant, and financial institutions. Visa and Mastercard act strictly as networks, while American Express and Discover serve as both networks and card issuers.
Payment Processor
The payment processor handles the technical side of the transaction. It securely routes payment data, applies encryption, performs fraud screening, and ensures the transaction is properly authorized and recorded within your POS system.
Merchant Bank
Also called the acquiring bank, the merchant bank works with the business to accept card payments. It receives approved funds from the issuing bank and deposits them into the merchant’s business account.